Citric acid

Citric acid

Anhydrous

Citric acid is a weak organic acid naturally found in citrus fruits, particularly lemons and limes. In cosmetic formulations, it is widely used as a pH adjuster, helping to balance and stabilise the acidity of skincare and haircare products. It also functions as a chelating agent and antioxidant, supporting formulation longevity by reducing oxidative degradation.

Please note: While citric acid can help extend shelf life by lowering pH, it is not a broad-spectrum preservative and should be used alongside an appropriate preservative system to prevent microbial growth.

This fine, water-soluble powder is often used to fine-tune the pH of emulsions, gels, and surfactant-based products. It also supports preservative efficacy, helping to maintain formulation stability over time, but does not replace a full preservation system. In addition, citric acid acts as a chelating agent by binding to metal ions, helping to prevent formulation instability.

In bath and body care, citric acid is commonly used in bath bombs and fizzy skincare products, where it reacts with bicarbonate of soda to create the signature fizz.

To use as a pH buffer, dissolve a small amount in distilled water and add during the cool-down phase of a formulation for final pH adjustment. Always test with a pH meter or strips before finalising the formulation. When used as a chelating agent, citric acid is typically added to the water phase of emulsions or surfactant-based formulations at recommended usage rates.

A must-have for formulators, citric acid plays an important role in balancing, preserving, and enhancing natural skincare and haircare products—but should always be used alongside a broad-spectrum preservative where necessary.

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